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Dairy in East and Southeast Asia

Which sources back which section of this article, and what its evidence base looks like.

Which sources back which section

SectionSources behind it
What happenedJapan’s food-composition database; the EU regulation; Japan’s and Malaysia’s guidance; the Central News Agency on Taiwan’s draft; PNAS, AJCN and Clinical Nutrition ESPEN on lactose; China CDC Weekly and the Xinjiang study on brucellosis; the report on China’s guideline; the trade-press report of EFSA’s opinion; Hankook Ilbo.
TimelineThe same documents, dated; plus UNESCO’s inscription, the double-skin milk study, Malaysia’s pyramid and the Taiwanese newspaper and broadcaster reports of March and April 2026.
The argumentPNAS, AJCN and the Malaysian adults study on lactose; the EU regulation and IPA Europe; the composition database on sugar; China CDC Weekly and PLOS ONE on raw milk; the Chinese and Taiwanese reports, and Hankook Ilbo, on the guideline dispute.
What others addThe composition database; the airag, yak milk, yak ghee, dadiah, rushan, dangke and double-skin milk studies; UNESCO; the carabao centre; the Mongolian travel operators; Khymos; the Wikipedia entries on the products, processes and drinks; NutritionInsight and IPA Europe.
ConclusionThe composition database; AJCN; the EU regulation and IPA Europe; the yak ghee study; Wikipedia on kashk and creamer; the brucellosis studies; the Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese and Malaysian guidance and reports.

What the evidence base looks like

  • 59Sources used on the page
  • 16That are a government’s, a regulator’s or an intergovernmental body’s own text
  • 57Read in full; the other two as abstracts
  • 32Links approached and refused, or read and not used
FunctionHow manyWhat they are
State16Japan’s food-composition database (ten items) and its two ministries’ Food Balance Guide pages, the EU regulation, UNESCO’s inscription, Malaysia’s food pyramid and the Philippine carabao centre’s brochure.
Reference28Fourteen peer-reviewed papers, two of them read as abstracts, and fourteen Wikipedia entries.
Reporting11The national news agency, newspapers, a broadcaster and magazines in Taiwan, China and South Korea, and one trade-press report.
Vendor3An industry association on the outcome of its members’ claims, and two travel operators describing Mongolian dairy.
Community1A food-science blog on ginger milk curd.
Origin0None. The subject is a class of foods, not one party’s account.

Reliable

Reliable, but with an interestWorth believing and reliableWeak on both, and used with careHonest, but thin

Worth believing

Each point is one source used, placed by two judgements on a six-step scale. Points carry no names: the chart shows the shape of the evidence, not a verdict on any publisher.