Tratopedia
Side N繁中
Settings

Text size

Language

Theme

High contrast

Version

v1.177.0

The release this page was built from. It is what the service worker caches under.

Side N

China, North Korea and the Tumen River Sea Outlet

Which sources back which section of this article, and what its evidence base looks like.

Which sources back which section

SectionSources behind it
What HappenedInternational Boundary Study No. 59, US Department of State (1965); the 1991 agreement’s text (PA-X, University of Edinburgh); Xinhua; KCNA, via GlobalSecurity.org; China’s Mission to the UN; China’s Embassy in Egypt; China’s Mission in Geneva; China’s Embassy in Croatia; CNA (Chou Hui-ying); The Korea Times, republishing the South China Morning Post; The Epoch Times (Alex Wu); TASS; Defense News (Linus Höller); a NetEase self-media piece (2026); Russell Hsiao, Jamestown China Brief (2010)
TimelineInternational Boundary Study No. 59, US Department of State (1965); the 1991 agreement’s text (PA-X, University of Edinburgh); Xinhua; KCNA, via GlobalSecurity.org; China’s Mission to the UN; China’s Embassy in Egypt; China’s Mission in Geneva; China’s Embassy in Croatia; CNA (Chou Hui-ying); The Korea Times, republishing the South China Morning Post; 38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 20 Jul 2026); 38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 21 Aug 2026); The Epoch Times (Alex Wu); TASS; Defense News (Linus Höller); China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the 1991 agreement’s Chinese text; Jiang Yi, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The Argumentthe 1991 agreement’s text (PA-X, University of Edinburgh); CNA (Chou Hui-ying); The Epoch Times (Alex Wu); TASS; Zhao Lingmin, Master Insight (2024); Sina News (2024); Russell Hsiao, Jamestown China Brief (2010)
What Others Add38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 20 Jul 2026); 38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 21 Aug 2026); NK News (Anton Sokolin), on an INSS study; Kyiv Post, on a Bloomberg estimate
ConclusionInternational Boundary Study No. 59, US Department of State (1965); the 1991 agreement’s text (PA-X, University of Edinburgh); CNA (Chou Hui-ying); 38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 20 Jul 2026); 38 North (Rachel Minyoung Lee, 21 Aug 2026); The Epoch Times (Alex Wu); TASS; Defense News (Linus Höller)

What the evidence base looks like

  • 23Sources behind this article
  • 5Sections, every one of them sourced
  • 23Read in full
  • 9Government documents and official readouts
What the source isHow manyHow they were read
Government documents and official readouts9All read in full, at the treaty text, the boundary study or the readout itself
News reporting7All read in full
Analysis and scholarship4All read in full; the two 38 North pieces from an archived copy of the page
Commentary3All read in full

Reliable

Reliable, but with an interestWorth believing and reliableWeak on both, and used with careHonest, but thin

Worth believing

Each point is one source used, placed by two judgements on a six-step scale. Points carry no names: the chart shows the shape of the evidence, not a verdict on any publisher.