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Four Lepton Anomalies, One Survivor

Which sources back which section of this article, and what its evidence base looks like.

Which sources back which section

SectionSources behind it
What HappenedSuper-Kamiokande (1998) and SNO (2002), for the two neutrino-deficit measurements; MicroBooNE (2025), for the two-beam sterile exclusion; LHCb’s 2021 R(K) result and its 2022 reanalysis with its companion paper, for the value that moved; the Muon g-2 Collaboration’s 2025 measurement and the Muon g-2 Theory Initiative’s 2025 prediction, for the anomaly that dissolved on the theory side; KamLAND-Zen (2025) and LEGEND-200 (2025), for the two current limits on the null search.
TimelineEverything behind “What Happened”, above, plus the bibliographic dates within the INSPIRE-HEP records for LSND (2001), Majorana (1937) and Schechter and Valle (1982); and the Nobel Prize citations for 2002 and 2015.
The ArgumentLHCb’s 2021 R(K) result and its 2022 reanalysis with its companion paper, for the measurement side of the subtraction; the Muon g-2 Collaboration’s 2025 measurement and the Muon g-2 Theory Initiative’s 2025 prediction, for the theory side.
What Others AddThe INSPIRE-HEP bibliographic records for Majorana (1937), Schechter and Valle (1982) and the four seesaw papers (1977–1980); MicroBooNE (2025) again, for the exclusion’s precise wording; KamLAND-Zen (2025) and LEGEND-200 (2025) again, for the null search’s two limits; and the Particle Data Group’s review of neutrino masses, mixing and oscillations together with its 2025 lepton summary table, for the six ideas the glossary explains.
ConclusionMicroBooNE (2025), for the exclusion that still holds; LHCb’s 2021 and 2022 R(K) results, for the measurement that came into agreement; the Muon g-2 Theory Initiative’s 2025 prediction, for the comparison behind “no tension”; KamLAND-Zen (2025) and LEGEND-200 (2025), for the null search still standing as a limit rather than an answer.

What the evidence base looks like

  • 15Sources behind this article
  • 5Sections, every one of them sourced
  • 7Read in full
  • 7Read at the abstract only
  • 1Consulted as a bibliographic record only
What the source isHow manyHow they were read
The measurements and calculations behind each of the four fates10Three read in full — the two 2022 R(K) papers and the 2021 result they superseded — the rest at the abstract
The prize citations crediting the underlying discoveries2Both read in full, verbatim from the prize-awarding body’s own citation
Background and bibliographic material, consulted for context rather than for a new finding3The Particle Data Group’s review and its lepton summary table read in full; the eight historical papers behind the Majorana question and the seesaw mechanism consulted as bibliographic records only, never opened

Reliable

Reliable, but with an interestWorth believing and reliableWeak on both, and used with careHonest, but thin

Worth believing

Each point is one source used, placed by two judgements on a six-step scale. Points carry no names: the chart shows the shape of the evidence, not a verdict on any publisher.